Use commas to enclose parenthetical elements and nonrestrictive clauses (A. This sort of testing is usually unreliable (as Jenner, 2012, took pains to show). Avoid abbreviation of common words throughout curriculum as much as possible.This sort of testing is usually unreliable (as Jenner took pains to show).When including a citation within a parenthetical element, APA style recommends using commas instead of parentheses or brackets. Several prestigious organizations, such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH), supported the initiative.If you can rephrase the sentence to remove one of the parenthetical elements, this is the best option. here and there, but in general, it is preferred to simply write out. However, it’s always best to avoid this kind of nesting whenever possible. Such parenthetical text can be a good idea when a word has many possible different definitions, or when you are using a. or restate a word Use parentheses when you think that readers may benefit from a brief definition or restatement of a word. In British English, parentheses within parentheses are more acceptable. To introduce abbreviations The first time that an abbreviation appears in the main text. Several prestigious organizations (e.g., National Institutes of Health ) supported the initiative.Several prestigious organizations (e.g., National Institutes of Health (NIH)) supported the initiative.When you want to enclose a set of parentheses inside another set, most style guides recommend using square brackets for the inner element. If you do use two sets of parentheses, put a space between them. The Style Manual provides a guide for opinion writers and editors in five primary areas: citation, abbreviation, capitalization, quotation, and word style. The results were sorted by gross domestic product (GDP Odin, 2018).Ĭhicago also advises this approach, but allows side-by-side parentheses if their content is entirely unrelated.Style guides disagree about whether it’s okay to place two (or more) parenthetical asides side by side.ĪPA style recommends using a single set of parentheses with a semicolon separating the main elements. For MLA, all you typically need is the author’s last name and the page number, with no punctuation between them: (Smith 32). Sometimes you might need to use two parenthetical elements together-for example, when a sentence contains both an acronym and a citation. Answer (1 of 2): Depends entirely on which format you are using, as APA is not MLA is not Associated Press and so on.
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